People always follow a variety of rules in their daily life. These rules come from the law, followed by the law.Moral constraints，Beyond the explicit rules and conventions, there is a more subtle measure of the normality of one’s conduct, that of others.The usual pattern of behavior.
“Normal is a vague word, and no one has a particular definition of it. It is measured by other people’s behavior. And who else is it? Most people. However, this can not be quantified.
Cry when your loved ones die, be happy when your friends get together, be surprised when you receive a gift, and comfort when others are sad. Who prescribes the emotions that must be expressed in these situations, and if they do not show the right emotions, they will be regarded as alternatives or freaks, condemned and questioned, and why you are not like others??
《The protagonist in Outsider is a freak. Murray is an ordinary clerk. One day, his mother died. Instead of crying or grieving, he smoked indifferently, made love to women, went to work, made friends, and lived after his mother was buried.
Camus is regarded as the representative of atheism’s existentialism.The central idea of existentialism is to recognize the existence of oneself rather than the reflection of the objective world.In Camus’s view, the world is only a wilderness. Man is a seed that has been inadvertently thrown onto the wilderness. There is no specific connection between each seed. Some are covered by yellow sand, some grow on their own.The meaning of survival is to live as far as possible on this wasteland and to die as smoothly as possible.。Loneliness, darkness, despair, and abandonment in the course of survival are the great truths of life, and all the rules and regulations are meaningless and unimportant (slightly pessimistic, life is still dominated by happiness).
Mersuth is not without emotion, it is not cold-blooded. It can be said that it is because he fully follows the traces of emotion that he is separated from the constraints of social attributes. His feelings for his mother are always lurking in his heart, but there is another force, a deeper passion and belief, that makes him face death silently and directly.Missing。The belief in silence is nothing.。Recognizing that there is no alternative to life, life itself becomes a nothingness, and nothingness leads to a more determined path.real。
Sutter once said a famous saying:“Others are hell.He thinks that man’s self-consciousness comes from the projection to others, and the subjective consciousness is born on the basis of the object, so that the moment of self-existence will have a violent conflict with others’existence. This conflict is the source of hell. (I personally feel that the ego is indeed intertwined with others, and that the ego without the whole is meaningless and even painful. Just like we will be happy because the flowers are open, our happiness is also from the outside world. It’s fun to eat delicious food. Isn’t this interwoven with nature? Of course, there is a mixture of people and people..）
In his early years, Camus and Sartre were good friends, both of whom were hailed as existential philosophers, but in his later years, Camus made a public statement breaking with Sartre, and then he and Sartre stood in a different camp. (By the way, Camus himself is handsome than Sartre. Sartre is short and unattractive, but when he robs a woman, Camus is thereYes, Camus is also very upset about Sutter. The biggest difference between Camus and Sutter lies in the fact thatCamus insisted on the vain and meaningless personal actions.，As can be seen in Outsiders, Camus portrays him as a character who has nothing to do with life. He is numb and calm to life, almost cold-blooded, and full of childlike willfulness and naivety. Camus’s resistance to the objective world is the struggle of YISHION’s consciousness.Nothing but nothingness. Sutter’s resistance is aimed at others, fighting against other people’s consciousness, thus establishing the existence of self consciousness.
It is because of Camus’transcendence of life attitude that death, as the opposite and continuity of life, has become an important channel for him to look at life. “Outsider” with a classic “today, mother died. Perhaps yesterday, I did not know “as the beginning, the opening of the article lit the theme of death. There are three deaths in the story.，Death of mother, Arabic death, silent death，From the past to the later, three core concepts of Camus were stated.，Nature, absurdity, truth。
Merlot’s insensitivity to mother’s death stems from the overall acceptance of nature. Mother is another seed on the wasteland.Withering is a necessary process.，The aroma of coffee is as natural as the smell of night and flowers. It is the state of existence and passage of things, which can not be changed or controlled. It can only be seen in the face of onlookers.
The death of the Arabs was Camus’s satire of “accidental” and the result of absurd treatment. He shot the Arabs only because he blocked the sun, and the sun and the sea were his favorite things. Mersutho is indifferent to life, and he does not have moral self trial, so this homicide case.For him, it is like opening the leaves that cover the sun.
During the subsequent interrogations, he still looked on as a bystander at other people’s accusations of himself, the interrogation process, and the way he behaved after his mother’s death became an important criterion for criticism. In others’eyes, a person who did not cry at his mother’s funeral was undoubtedly a cold-blooded animal, a cruel killer.Offense. The prosecutor even said, “I accused this man of burying a mother with the heart of a murderer.”That is to say, in a criminal case, the moral scale has become an important indicator and a tool for people to exclude dissent.
Nietzsche is a typical atheist existentialist.It has always been emphasized that morality is the product of social cohabitation, a tool for maintaining group interests, and a stifling of personality and individual consciousness.，It will restrict human freedom and kill the nature of killing.。Camus apparently inherited Nietzsche’s idea and placed Murieso on the platform of collective trial, which on the one hand intensified the confrontation between individual consciousness and social consciousness, on the other hand, made Murieso look at the whole conflict process from the calm perspective of outsiders, still using “inaction” against fierce moral attacks. (Me: There is no mistake in these understandings and principles. Morality is right. Just like we have to eat three meals a day, we will be healthy, society will be orderly, and people will have a sense of shame. This is the symbol of civilization. If there is no morality, we are beasts and want to kill people. Isn’t it not too good? We are on the moral basis.More can be done on the top, no longer for security dare not go out, no longer for some basic things dare not do upper things. Another point: The book is instructive in that morality shouldn’t be a stumbling block to us or demonize morality even more, such as: ancient male superiority to female inferiority, three subordinates to four virtues,Chastity archway. It is not right to restrict one’s happiness and freedom as a human being, or sometimes feel afraid of others’eyes and miss out on what one wants to do. For example, it’s not good to have friends you want to socialize with, to be afraid of others’eyes, not to go forward, to miss.）
It is inevitable that mersuth is sentenced to death, but this does not mean that the existence of “silent” is destroyed. In fact, in the confrontation, Mercedes was victorious. The purpose of social consciousness is never.Destroy others, but assimilate dissidents.，《1984》Winston in the middle, from the beginning of fierce resistance to the final total surrender to society, is the greatest success of social consciousness. Only when assimilation fails, destruction must be the only way to get lost.
Ironically, to mersuo, destroying his life just led him to the road of happiness.It is at the moment when the existence of the ego is facing death that the truth is found, and the truth is that he has existed, that he is absolutely sure of it, and that the rest is meaningless nothingness.。The executioner’s blade thought it had slit his throat, but in fact it had slit the door to truth in silence. (A person from birth to death if there are a lot of regrets not to do is really very sad, no complaints and no regrets, then he died calmly)
Mersso lives as an outsider, still happily dies as an outsider. To paraphrase popular, he happily came into the world with a soy sauce bottle, filled it up and left. What do you mean by being dead or alive? The fire in my heart starts to burn in my heart and extinguish my heart.My love is born from my consciousness and can not be seen at any time. All the rules are the grid of hopscotch. I just jump and jump over. What’s wrong?
Camus once said, “happiness and absurdity are two sons on the same land.” For Mercedes,Life itself is absurd, but the happiness of existence is real.《At the end of the outsider, there is a soliloquy:
“I seem to be empty handed. But I am sure of myself and I am sure of everything.I have confidence in my life and the coming death.。Yes, I have so little assurance. But at least, I seized this truth, just as this truth seized me.I used to be reasonable. I still have reason. I will always be reasonable.I have lived in some way, and I may live in another way. I have done this thing, and have never done that. I did something, instead of doing another thing. Facing the night full of information and starfights, I opened my heart for the first time to the touching indifference of the world. I experience this world.Like me, so friendly, I feel that I used to be happy, and I am still happy. In order to make everything perfect and to make me feel less lonely, I also hope that on the day of my execution many people will come to see me and cry out hatred at me.
I think this is the best ending I’ve ever read. It’s not a happy ending, it’s not a mystery, it’s not a tragedy, it’s a person, it’s a real person, it’s a real person, it’s a real life, it’s a real death.True truth。Everything is perfect.
（Life is still very precious, it is difficult to come, must do what you want to do, you can enjoy their own things, you feel right things. We can think of any of us who can imagine the infinite spread of thought in the universe, thinking about truth, thinking about life, how wonderful life is. Morality is still necessary.It’s still something to be observed, but it’s not a stumbling block that prevents you from moving forward. Individuals are still closely intertwined with them. But don’t be burdened by other people’s eyes. Be comfortable and happy all the time.）